Device Manager

Windows Device Manager (DM) is a Windows feature that allows a user to view detected hardware devices and the status of each device. It allow to view driver information and install/uninstall/ Update/ Disable/rollback drivers software of a device. It also allows scanning for any hardware changes in the system. It was first introduced with the release of Microsoft Windows 95, the Device Manager is available in Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, and 7.

Device Manager Panel

Device Manager Utility can be opened in following ways

To open and use DM you need administrator privileges, if you are built-in Administrator account DM will open directly, if you are members of Administrators group, you will be prompted to continue. In case of normal user you can open DM in read-only mode.

From Control panel:

1. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
2. Click Hardware and Sound.
3. Click Device Manager. One of the following occurs:

From “Run”:

1. Press win + r
2. Write "devmgmt.msc" and click ok

Below is a listing of each of the Windows Device Manager categories and a basic explanation of what you may find in these categories. Knowing what categories are available and what should be contained in these categories can help you determine when a hardware device is being detected or not, and have a better understanding of Device Manager.

Batteries

Displays any batteries being detected by Windows. This category only displays ACPI compliant batteries that power computers; other batteries, such as a CMOS battery, will likely be displayed under System devices.

CD-ROM

Displays a listing of the currently detected and installed CD disk drives in the computer. Later versions of Microsoft Windows renamed this category to DVD/CD-ROM drives to help accommodate all the new types of CD and DVD drives.

Disk drives

Displays each of the hard disk drives installed in the computer.

Display adapters

Displays each of the video cards installed and/or detected by Windows.

DVD/CD-ROM drives

Included in Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP, this category is the replacement for the earlier CD-ROM category and displays all CD and DVD drives currently detected and/or installed by Windows.

Floppy disk controllers

Displays each of the floppy disk drive controllers detected on the motherboard.

Floppy disk drives

Displays each of the floppy disk drives currently installed in the computer.

Hard disk controllers

Displays each of the disk controllers currently detected on the motherboard. Later versions of Microsoft Windows renamed this category to IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers or the appropriate controller for the controller detected on the motherboard.

Human Interface Devices

Displays any HID devices currently detected by Windows. For example, game controllers and USB devices may be listed in this category.

IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers

Included in Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP, this category displays each of the ATA or ATAPIcontrollers currently detected on the motherboard. This category replaces the old hard disk controllers category.

IEEE 1394 bus host controller

Displays any IEEE 1394 controllers currently being detected by Windows.

Keyboards

Displays each of the keyboards currently being detected by Windows.

Mice and other pointing devices

Included in Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP, this category displays each of the computer mice and any other pointing devices currently being detected by Windows. This category replaces the old mouse category. 

Modem

Displays each of the computer modems being detected by Windows.

Monitors

Displays each of the computer monitors being detected by Windows.

Mouse

Displays each of the computer mice being detected by Windows. Later versions of Microsoft Windows renamed this category to Mice and other pointing devices.

Multi-function adapters

Internal and/or external device that is capable of performing multiple functions. 

Network adapters

Displays each of the computer network cards being detected by Windows.

Other

Displays any hardware device that is either not properly installed or cannot be detected by Windows. If this category exists it is possible for the computer to encounter errors.

PCMCIA socket

Displays a listing of PCMCIA sockets currently being detected by Windows.

Ports (COM & LPT)

Displays any COM ports (Serial Ports) and LPT ports (Parallel Ports) detected by Windows. This section will also display what COM ports are detected; for example, if you have multiple serial ports you may see a COM1 and COM2. In addition, this will also display the LPT port mode detected; for example, ECP printer port. The COM and LPT ports are often configured through the computer's BIOS.

Processors

Included with computer running Windows 2000 or Windows XP, this category displays any processors currently being detected by Windows. If your computer has one or more processors or is a processor with Hyper-threading, you may have multiple processors listed.

SCSI controller

Displays any SCSI controllers currently being detected by Windows.

Sound, video and game controllers

Display the computer sound card, video capture devices, Codecs, and game controllers currently installed. Note: Your video card should be installed under the Display adapters category and not this category.

System devices

The remainder of the system hardware devices that are not already listed in this section. Commonly, this section will list motherboard resources such as the controllers, PCI bus, system speaker, system timer, etc.

Universal Serial Bus controllers

Displays each of the USB devices, controllers, and hubs currently being detected by Windows.

Managing Process with Process id (PID)

Sometime windows taskmanager do not help us to find and manage some process that is running and hampering system performance, well we never know the process may be a unwanted program, malware, spyware or so on. So tracking those programs become essential. Program can be tracked by their process id, follow the instruction below.

Process identifier is a unique number assigned to each processes running on a system. more commonly referred as PID or process ID. This is generally length around 4 to 5. PID is used by operating system’s process manager to maintain, wait or terminate as required.

Something it become necessity for system administrator to manage process on its own, i.e. something system admin many need to kill a long running process.

 In Unix-like and Linux operating system, ps command can be used to search for the PID for a particular running process, by grepping the output. In Windows operating system such as Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7, we can use tasklist DOS utility to view PID. We can also display PID column in windows taskmanager.

Tasklist utility:

This utility is used by system administrator to view and manage processes in system or system in network. This gives detail list of all processes (hidden, system process, services etc.)

Taskmanage (GUI):

In order to get to know, or view, retrieve and identify the process ID or PID of the processes running in Windows operating system, users or administrators can make use of Task Manager. However, Task Manager does not display PID information by default. To display the PID value in Task Manager, go to Processes tab, click on View menu, then click on Select Columns…. In the “Select Columns” or “Select Process Page Columns” dialog, tick and check the checkbox for PID (Process Identifier), and click OK.

 Terminate program with PID: 

 Well once you get process id (PID), you can kill it as you might require  by taskkill utility of MS-DOS.

we have a complementary TASKKILL.EXE command. This utility uses almost the same syntax as TASKLIST.EXE

Programs can be terminated with their process id (PID)

Above the /F option is to forcefully terminate the process and /IM is the image name to terminate. Taskkill utility can also be used to terminate program with their name too as follows.

How to switch between tabs in IE or Crome

We generally have habit of using keyboard shortcut to function quickly. to switch between running programs in windows desktop we use ALT + TAB. IT people heavily rely on this key pair while working with various programs at a time. then comes some browser with tabs in the program itself to browse multiple sites simultaneously. IT people started searching about the keyboard shortcut key to navigate between tabs in browsers. 

Here is Key pair which will navigate between tabs. CTRL + TAB. enjoy!!